XEC Covid Variant: Symptoms, Spread, and How to Stay Protected This Winter

September 16, 2024   2482

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A new coronavirus variant, XEC, is rapidly spreading and could soon become the dominant strain this winter, according to scientists. First identified in Germany in June, XEC has since been reported in the UK, the US, Denmark, and other countries. Experts are now monitoring its growth closely, anticipating its potential impact during the colder months.

What Is the XEC Covid Variant?

XEC is a recombinant variant that combines characteristics of two previous Omicron subvariants: KS.1.1 and KP.3.3. These parent strains have contributed to recent Covid waves across the globe. KS.1.1, known as one of the "FLiRT variants," and KP.3.3, a part of the "FLuQE" family, exhibit unique mutations in the spike protein, giving XEC an edge in transmission.

Dr. Peter Chin-Hong, an infectious disease specialist at UCSF, notes that XEC possesses "tighter binding cells," potentially making it more transmissible and possibly more immune-evasive than earlier variants. While XEC may not cause a significant spike in hospitalizations or deaths, its enhanced ability to spread has scientists on alert.

How Does XEC Differ from Previous Variants?

XEC has unusual mutations, such as the T22N mutation and additional changes in the spike protein. These differences could provide it with a slight transmission advantage over other Covid variants circulating this fall. However, because XEC belongs to the Omicron lineage, its symptoms and overall severity are expected to be similar to those of previous Omicron strains.

Current Statistics on XEC and Covid-19 Spread

While specific case numbers for the XEC variant are limited, global health authorities continue to monitor its spread along with other Covid-19 variants. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that globally, during the four-week period from June 24 to July 21, 2024, new Covid-19 cases increased by 30% and deaths by 26% compared to the previous 28-day period, with over 186,000 new cases reported across 96 countries​(World Health Organization (WHO). This surge indicates that new variants like XEC may be contributing to the recent increase in cases.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United States provides regular updates on Covid-19 trends, including hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and test positivity rates. However, specific data on the XEC variant's prevalence in the U.S. is not yet available​(CDC COVID-19 Data Tracker). Monitoring the overall Covid-19 trends is crucial as new variants emerge, especially as the XEC variant is believed to have a transmission advantage.

The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) actively tracks and classifies SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and interest. Detailed data on the spread of various variants, including XEC, across the EU/EEA, is regularly published, although specific numbers on XEC’s prevalence are still being analyzed​.

Symptoms of XEC Covid

The symptoms of the XEC variant are similar to those of previous Omicron variants. These include:

• High temperature or fever
• Cough and sore throat
• Fatigue and body aches
• Loss of smell and appetite
• Congestion and runny nose
• Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea in some cases

Most people recover within a few weeks, but those who are at higher risk, such as older adults or immunocompromised individuals, may experience more severe illness.

How Is XEC Spreading?

XEC has shown strong growth in Europe, especially in Denmark and Germany. Eric Topol, director of the Scripps Research Translational Institute, has suggested that XEC could become the next dominant variant over the winter. However, this process may take several weeks or even a couple of months.

Monitoring the spread of XEC is more challenging now due to less routine Covid testing compared to previous years. Health agencies, such as the CDC, are using alternative methods like wastewater surveillance to keep track of the virus's spread. Despite these limitations, early indications show that XEC is on the rise in various countries.

How Effective Are Current Vaccines Against XEC?

Since XEC is an offshoot of the Omicron lineage, existing vaccines are expected to provide protection against severe illness caused by this variant. Dr. Chin-Hong has expressed confidence in the updated vaccines, especially for those at higher risk, including older adults and individuals with weakened immune systems.

The vaccines, updated to target recent Covid variants, may not be specifically designed for XEC but should still offer a buffer of protection. Health experts recommend getting the updated booster shots to reduce the chance of infection and lower the risk of developing long Covid.

Who Should Get the Booster Shot?

Health authorities recommend that the following groups receive the updated booster:

• Adults aged 65 years and over
• Residents of care homes
• Individuals over six months old in clinical risk groups
• Front-line healthcare and social-care workers

The main vaccination drive for both flu and Covid-19 is set to start in October. However, those at higher risk or planning to travel in the fall should consider getting their booster shot earlier.

Expert opinion

Getting vaccinated is super important, especially for older adults. As we age, our immune systems just don’t work as well, which makes seniors more vulnerable to serious illnesses like COVID-19. During the pandemic, older adults were hit the hardest. In fact, according to the CDC, over 80% of COVID-19 deaths in the U.S. were among those 65 and older. This really shows why getting vaccinated is a must – it significantly reduces the risk of severe illness and death in older adults. Plus, it helps take some of the strain off our healthcare system and keeps our communities healthier overall.

Best regards,
Anna Klyauzova
LinkedIn Profile
Prolife Home Care

Protect Yourself This Winter

As the XEC variant continues to spread, it's important to follow public health guidelines to stay protected. In addition to getting vaccinated, wearing masks in crowded places, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing can help reduce the risk of infection.

FAQs About the XEC Covid Variant

Q: What are the symptoms of the XEC variant?
A: The symptoms are similar to previous Omicron variants and include fever, cough, sore throat, fatigue, body aches, congestion, and gastrointestinal issues.

Q: How is XEC different from other Covid variants?
A: XEC is a recombinant variant from two Omicron subvariants, KS.1.1 and KP.3.3, with unique mutations that could make it more transmissible.

Q: Are current vaccines effective against the XEC variant?
A: Yes, existing vaccines are expected to provide protection against severe illness caused by XEC, though they may not completely prevent infection.

Q: Who should get the updated Covid booster?
A: Adults over 65, care home residents, people in clinical risk groups, and front-line healthcare workers are recommended to get the booster.

Conclusion

The XEC variant serves as a reminder that the Covid-19 virus continues to evolve. While vaccines may not be a complete shield against infection, they remain the best defense against severe illness and hospitalization. Global trends indicate a rise in Covid-19 cases, highlighting the importance of staying informed and following health recommendations. By getting vaccinated and adhering to public health guidelines, you can protect yourself and those around you as the winter season approaches.